Explanation: The Malabar Gliding Frog (Rhacophorus malabaricus) is an arboreal species endemic to the Western Ghats of India. Known for its ability to glide between trees, it is a key indicator of healthy forest ecosystems.

Explanation: INS Vikrant (IAC-1), developed by Cochin Shipyard Limited, is India’s first indigenously designed and manufactured aircraft carrier, commissioned in 2022 to enhance maritime defense capability.

Explanation: The Balukhand–Konark Wildlife Sanctuary lies between Puri and Konark in Odisha and is known for blackbucks, deer, and coastal vegetation along the Bay of Bengal.

Explanation: The government of Tuvalu officially joined the IUCN as its 90th State Member, thereby gaining membership benefits such as participation in global conservation governance, access to IUCN resources and networks.

Explanation: Dr. Dilip Mahalanabis pioneered the use of ORS during the 1971 cholera outbreak in Bangladesh, saving millions of lives and earning global recognition.

Explanation: The Daroji Sloth Bear Sanctuary, near Hampi in Karnataka, is India’s only protected area exclusively for Indian Sloth Bears.

Explanation: Sane Takaichi made history as the first female Prime Minister of Japan, marking a significant milestone in the country’s political history.

Explanation: The ONDLS is a single-window digital platform developed by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) in coordination with the CDSCO for licensing and monitoring drug manufacturing and sales. On 24 October 2025, the DCGI directed digital monitoring on ONDLS to track the supply chain of high-risk solvents used in drug manufacture.

Explanation: UIDAI introduced the SITAA (Secure Identity through Advanced Authentication) scheme to enhance the security and innovation in the Aadhaar-based digital identity system.

Explanation: On 24 October 2025, the India Rising Foundation announced a ₹1,000 crore R&D grant fund aimed at supporting up to one million research fellows across 12 critical domains (medicine, deep tech, space, defence, sustainable energy) and integrating ancient wisdom with modern scientific advances.