Explanation: ISRO’s Chandrayaan-2 orbiter recently made a groundbreaking observation by detecting the effect of the Sun’s coronal mass ejection (CME) on the lunar surface. This marks the first time such solar activity has been directly observed interacting with the Moon, helping scientists better understand space weather and its influence on the lunar environment.

Explanation: Ayodhya created a new Guinness World Record by lighting 26 lakh earthen lamps (diyas) along the banks of the Saryu River during the 9th Deepotsav 2025. This event celebrates Lord Ram’s homecoming and has become a symbol of India’s cultural and spiritual heritage.

Explanation: Mohun Bagan Super Giant won the 125th IFA Shield 2025, one of India’s oldest and most prestigious football tournaments. The victory adds to the club’s historic legacy in Indian football, demonstrating their consistency and dominance.

Explanation: The Rakchham-Chitkul Wildlife Sanctuary lies in the Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh. It is known for its diverse flora and fauna, including the Himalayan blue sheep and snow leopard. The sanctuary is part of India’s effort to preserve high-altitude ecosystems.

Explanation: The Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) initiated Operation Fire Trail to combat large-scale smuggling and illegal trade of high-value goods. The operation enhances India’s efforts to strengthen customs enforcement and national security.

Explanation: Tuvalu is a small island nation situated in the Pacific Ocean, near Australia. It has been in the news for its vulnerability to climate change and rising sea levels, posing an existential threat to its population and ecosystem.

Explanation: One of the headlines on 22 October 2025 mentions that the new H-1B visa fee will not apply for change of status applications.

Explanation: The IN–RoKN Exercise 2025 was a bilateral naval drill between the Indian Navy and the Republic of Korea Navy (RoKN). It focused on maritime security, anti-piracy, and disaster response, strengthening Indo–Korean defense cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region.

Explanation: Venezuelan opposition leader María Corina Machado’s public support for Israel marked a notable shift in the nation’s diplomatic discourse. Historically aligned with anti-Israel blocs, her stance signifies potential realignment in Venezuela’s foreign policy debates.

Explanation: At the 19th Ministerial Meeting on Global Terrorism, India reiterated the need for strong global collaboration to combat terrorism in all forms. India stressed that no cause or ideology can justify terrorism, urging nations to act collectively to dismantle terror networks.